Diabetes is called "the Mother of all Diseases".The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 250 million diabetics living around the world; resulted diabetes ranks fifth among the ten major causes of death in the world. 4 people died cause by diabetes or it complications every minutes. It is estimated that diabetics account for 6%~15% of the population in all countries. And the number of diabetics is increasing most rapidly in Asia. Cost of diabetes treatment was close to USD100 billion every year.
Asia have the highest number of diabetics patients
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In 21 century, especially in 2025, diabetic Mellitus will be a formidable enemy to the health of mankind. As diabetes is the root cause of all kinds of diseases and ailments.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 189 million diabetics living around the world in2003. This figure is expected to sharply increase to 324 million in 2025. In other words, diabetes will increased about 72% in the next 22 years.
Asia has the highest amount of diabetes patients around the world. Increase 91% from 81.8 million in 2003 to 156.1 million in 2005.
Mejar Jeneral Dato' (Dr) Sulaiman bin Abdullah who is Director General of Health Services Malaysian Armed Forces,Health Services Division,Headquaters MAF, Ministry of Defence mentioned diabetes complications in recent interview:
Heart disease
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Including Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction: The risk of dying of heart disease is 2 to 4 times higher in diabetic adults compare to non-diabetic adults.
Stroke
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The risk of stroke is 2 to 4 times higher in diabetic patients than in normal persons.
High Blood Pressure
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It is estimeted that approximately 60 to 65% of diabetics patients have High Blood Pressure.
Kidney Failure
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20 to 40% of diabetes patients have kidney disease or kidney failure or renal dialysis. Diabetes is the main cause of kidney failure.
Blindness
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A leading cause of blindness among adult age between 20 to 70 is diabetic retinophathy and glaucoma.
Nerve damage
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60 to 70% of diabetes patients may have certain degree of damage in circulatory and nervous system.
What is diabetes
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Diabetes is a chronic disease. When the pancreas in the body is unable to secrete sufficient insulin or unable to untilize insulin effectively, leading to high sugar levels, diabetes will develop.
Hyperglycaemia and other metabolism illness may cause damage to a lot of human organ especially nerves and vascular system.
Type 1 Diabetes
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Diabetes is generally divided into types I and II.
Type1 Diabetes : Usually caused by abnormal insulin production by the pancreas. Cause by human immune system killing each other cells. Approximately 10% of diabetes patients is Type 1, usually children and youths.
Type 2 Diabetes : Patients are still able to secrete insulin, but cannot effectively use insulin. The main cause of Type 2 diabetes is the reduction of insulin and insulin receptor sensitivity causing cells cannot utilize blood glucose efficiently call Insulin Resistance. Type II diabetes accounts for 90% or more of all patients, usually adult.
Diabetics Data
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WHO once sets a standard to diagnose diabetes:
Patients have an empty-stomach blood sugar concentration 7.8 mmol/L may be diagnosed diabetics
Patients have a blood sugar concentration = 11.1 mmol/L at any time (including any time after meals) may be diagnosed diabetics.
If a patient's blood sugar concentration is intermediate between the two figures given above, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) should be given to determine whether the patient's condition is due solely to poor glucose tolerance. If empty-stomach blood sugar is 7.8 mmol/L and blood sugar concentration is between 7.8 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L within two hours of taking glucose, the patient should be diagnosed as having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). These patients may later develop diabetes if prompt preventive measures are not taken.
Cause of Type 2 diabetes
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Type 1 diabetes usually caused by damage to the pancreas genes and abnormal of immune system. Type 2 diabetes usually cause by the following:
1) Prolong dependent on drug or injection: e.g.: Steroids
2) Diabetes during pregnancy.
3) Illness related to pancreas including pancreatectomy, pacreatic cancer, pancreatitis, haemochromatosis.
4) Excessive sugar intake
5) Edocrine disorder: edema of the face, acromegaly and neuroma of the urinary bladder.
Symptoms of diabetes
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Some patients, by chance, during one of their blood tests, are shocked to learn that they are diabetics. Nevertheless, by paying more attention, if a person suffers from diabetes, the following symptoms will show:
1) Drop in body weight
2) Fatique, even feeling sleepy
3) Weak and easy infected by virus and bacteria
4) Excessive urine (polyuria) and thirst (polydipsia) : This is because blood sugar affects the function of the kidney that filters fluids.
5) Ketoacidosis commonly occurs in Type I diabetes patients. Low insulin may cause dehydration, exhaustion, fever, low blood pressure, short of breath, possibility of shock or even death.
Kidney Failure
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Diabetes cause disorder of kidney including diabetic nephritis. A person urine have 30-300mg of Micro-Albuminuria every 24 hours. If A person have more than 10 to 15 years of diabetes history and his urine have more than 300mg of Micro-Albuminuria. He has kidney failure and require dialysis.
This may lead to diabetic retinophathy and glaucoma and cause blindness.
Nerve damage
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Diabetes will seriously damage the nervous system of the patients. The damage to the nervous system can be divided into the following sections:
1) Nerve damage occur in feet , the sufferer may complain of numbness.
2) Neuritis: usually occurs on 3 nerves, which are the nerve in the skull, nerve of the arms and nerve of lower limbs, all of which will feel pain.
3) Amyotrophy
4) Autonomic Neuropathies. autonomic nervous system is the nerve system that "make it own decision" and is not affcted by willpower. autonomic neuropathaties will cause hypoglycemia (low blood pressure) like dizziness, impotence, nocturnal diarrhea and retention of urine.
Diabetic foot sores
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Diabetes may cause serious complications like gangrene (or diabetic feet).
When ulcers appear on the legs of diabetic patients, bacteria will invade the soft tissues and bones of the legs. In this way, the joints of the legs become distorted. During the early stage, the nerve can still feel pain but during the late stage, the legs become numb and are easily injured, for example, when stepping a stone or protruding matter, the legs do not have any feeling even if the legs bleed. When angiopathy develops in the legs, the blood vessels become narrow or are blocked. The toes are the first affected.
When the toes bleed, the toes will ulcerated area increases, the patient are forced to have their legs amputated.
Under such circumtances, the biggest sorrow of human life is cause by diabetes.
Published by Sin Chew Daily dated 20 March 2006 (Part 1)
Excerpt and translated by http://www.DiabetesMilkPowder.com

